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Controlled ventilation is a mechanical ventilation system that provides fresh air inside a building while exhausting stale air. This ventilation system is generally controlled by temperature, humidity, and air quality sensors, and can be used to improve indoor air quality in buildings.
The single-flow CMV is a controlled mechanical ventilation system that renews the indoor air of a building by exhausting stale air and introducing fresh air. This system is most commonly used in individual homes and small buildings.
The principle of the single-flow CMV is quite simple: stale air is exhausted through extraction vents located in humid rooms (bathroom, kitchen, WC), and fresh air is introduced into dry rooms (bedrooms, living room) through supply vents placed in the walls or ceilings. The air is generally filtered before being introduced into the building to eliminate external pollutants.
The single-flow CMV system consists of an extraction unit, which draws stale air from the house, a network of ducts that distributes the extracted air from humid rooms to the extraction unit, one or more extraction vents in humid rooms, and one or more supply vents in dry rooms.
The single-flow CMV can operate in two different ways: in continuous ventilation, where the airflow is constant throughout the day, or in intermittent ventilation, where the airflow is increased during predefined periods to improve indoor air quality.
The advantages of the single-flow CMV include improved indoor air quality, reduced humidity and condensation, reduced heating and cooling costs, and increased occupant comfort. However, the single-flow CMV can lead to heat losses in winter and heat gains in summer, which can affect the building’s energy performance. It is therefore important to properly size and maintain the CMV system to ensure its efficiency.
The double-flow CMV is a controlled mechanical ventilation system that renews the indoor air of a building while recovering the heat from the extracted air to preheat the incoming fresh air. This system is most commonly used in residential and tertiary buildings.
The principle of the double-flow CMV is quite simple: stale air is extracted from humid rooms (bathroom, kitchen, WC) through extraction vents, and fresh air is introduced into dry rooms (bedrooms, living room) through supply vents. The extracted air is directed to a heat exchanger that transfers the heat from the extracted air to the incoming fresh air, thus preheating the fresh air before its introduction into the building.
The double-flow CMV system consists of an extraction unit, which draws stale air from the house, a network of ducts that distributes the extracted air from humid rooms to the heat exchanger, a heat exchanger that transfers the heat from the extracted air to the incoming fresh air, one or more extraction vents in humid rooms, and one or more supply vents in dry rooms.
The double-flow CMV can operate in two different ways: in continuous ventilation, where the airflow is constant throughout the day, or in intermittent ventilation, where the airflow is increased during predefined periods to improve indoor air quality.
The advantages of double-flow ventilation systems include improved indoor air quality, reduced humidity and condensation, heat recovery from extracted air to preheat fresh air, reduced heating and cooling costs, and increased occupant comfort. However, double-flow ventilation systems can be more complex to install and maintain than single-flow systems, and may require dedicated space for the heat exchanger.
In the renovation of old buildings, traditional double-flow ventilation systems, i.e., centralized with a network of supply ducts and a network of extraction ducts, are generally not technically feasible. The solution is decentralized double-flow ventilation.
Its operation is almost identical to a classic double-flow system.
Ambient pollutants such as VOCs, odors, and humidity are expelled outside. In compensation, preheated fresh air is blown into the habitat. The two airflows cross in the exchanger without mixing. The heat contained in the extracted air is transferred to the fresh outdoor air via the energy recovery unit.
The efficiency is lower than a high-efficiency centralized double-flow ventilation system. It is around 70 to 80% compared to over 90% for the best decentralized double-flow systems.
This ventilation system ensures air quality in old buildings when the renovation has achieved significant airtightness. The filters used are the same as those in a centralized double-flow ventilation system, type G4.
These advantages are numerous:
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