Heat pumps: we explain everything!

Energy efficiency: Heat pumps generally offer better energy efficiency, which can translate into long-term savings despite a higher initial cost.

Ecology: Heat pumps are more environmentally friendly, reducing the carbon footprint compared to traditional boilers.

Subsidies and incentives: In Luxembourg, subsidies and incentives are available to encourage the installation of ecological heating systems, which can mitigate initial costs.

There are several types of heat pumps, each suited to specific conditions and particular needs. Here is a list of the main types of heat pumps:

1. Air-Air Heat Pumps (HP air-air): These heat pumps extract heat from the outside air and transfer it inside the house for heating. They can also be used in reverse mode to cool the interior during hot months.
2. Air-Water Heat Pumps (HP air-water): These systems capture heat from the outside air and transfer it to a water circuit. This hot water is then used to heat the central heating system, radiators, or underfloor heating.
3. Water-Water Heat Pumps (HP water-water): Using groundwater as a heat source, these heat pumps transfer thermal energy from the ground water to an internal water circuit for heating.
4. Geothermal Heat Pumps (HP geothermal): These systems exploit the heat stored in the ground at different depths. They can be horizontal (buried at the surface) or vertical (deeper boreholes). Geothermal HPs offer consistent performance as the ground temperature is more stable than the air.

When installing a heat pump, several criteria must be considered to ensure its efficiency, durability, and suitability for your home’s specific needs. Here is a list of important criteria:

Type of Heat Pump: There are different types of heat pumps, such as air-to-air, air-to-water, geothermal, etc. Choose the type that best suits your location, climate, and heating needs.

House Size: The size of your house influences the required capacity of the heat pump. A professional should conduct an assessment to determine the appropriate power based on the area to be heated.

Thermal Insulation: The efficiency of the heat pump depends on your home’s insulation. Good insulation will reduce the heating load, which can affect the size of the required heat pump.

Outdoor Temperature: Outdoor temperature can influence the performance of heat pumps. Some models are more efficient than others in extreme cold conditions, while others can operate efficiently in milder climates.

Available Energy: Heat pumps can run on electricity, natural gas, oil, or other sources. Choose the type of energy that is most accessible and affordable in your area.

Heat Distribution System: The heat pump can be paired with underfloor heating, low-temperature radiators, or a ventilation system. Ensure that the distribution system is compatible with the chosen heat pump.

Regulation and Programming: Opt for a heat pump with advanced regulation features and time programming to optimize its operation according to your needs.

Maintenance: Heat pumps require regular maintenance. Ensure that you understand the maintenance requirements and commit to them to guarantee the durability and efficiency of your system.

Installation Costs: In addition to the initial cost of the heat pump, consider the installation costs, including any necessary modifications to your home.

Local Standards and Regulations: Comply with local standards and regulations for heat pump installation. Some places offer tax incentives or subsidies to encourage the use of energy-efficient technologies.